International Journal of Advance Agricultural Research
ISSN: 2053-1265
Vol. 6(2), pp. 30-37, March 2018
doi.org/10.33500/ijaar.2018.06.003



Stomoxys calcitrans and its importance in livestock: a review

Gautam Patra1*, Parthasarathi Behera2, Samares Kumar Das3, Basanta Saikia4, Subhamoy Ghosh1, Papia Biswas5, Ajit Kumar6, Seikh Sahanawaz Alam7, Lallianpuii Kawlni8, C. Lalnunpuia1, C. Lalchhandama9, Madhurendra Bachan6 and Apurba Debbarma10

1Department of Veterinary Parasitology; College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, India.
2Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry; College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, India.
3Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension; College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, India.
4Department of veterinary Surgery & Radiology; College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, India.
5Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology; College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, India.
6Department of Veterinary Parasitology; F/O. VAS, WBUAFS, Kolkata – 37, West Bengal, India.
7District Microbiologist, Malda Medical College and Hospital, Malda, West Bengal, India.
8Department of Veterinary Microbiology; College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, India.
9Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology; College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
10Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, Tripura, India.

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dr.gautampatra@yahoo.co.in.

Received 07 January, 2018; Received in revised form 24 January, 2018; Accepted 23 February, 2018.

Abstract


Keywords:
Haematophagus fly, Vectors, Economic importance, Control measures.


Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera, Muscidae) is an important haematophagus fly which feeds on the blood of their animal hosts, especially livestock and occasionally on humans. Apart from their direct effects on hosts like disturbance, skin lesions, reduced feed intake, stress and blood loss, S. calcitrans acts as mechanical vectors of several bacterial, viral and protozoal diseases of livestock as well as intermediate host of the helminth Habronema microstoma and may be implicated in the transmission of Onchocerca and Dirofilaria spp. Being ubiquitous in nature, S. calcitrans might have greater economic impact on livestock than previously thought. This review intends to elaborate the direct and indirect effects of S. calcitrans with an overview on the pathogens they transmit including controlling measures of the fly based on existing literature available.

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