International Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research
ISSN: 2053-1818
Vol. 4(8), pp. 117-121, December 2016
doi.org/10.33500/ijambr.2016.04.014



Phenotypic detection of AmpC enzymes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella spp.

Ejikeugwu Chika1*, Iroha Ifeanyichukwu1, Ugwu Malachy2, Oguejiofor Benigna1, Eze Chinemelum Adaora3,
Araka Olisa2, Orji Okoro4, Esimone Charles2 and Adikwu Michael5

1Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P. M. B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria.
3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, P. M. B. 2273, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.
4Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
5University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria.

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ejikeugwu_chika@yahoo.com.

Received 30 September, 2016; Received in revised form 18 October, 2016; Accepted 24 October, 2016.

Abstract


Keywords:
AmpC enzymes, Klebsiella spp., Antibiotic resistance, Abattoir, Nigeria.


Antimicrobial resistance in food chain is fast becoming a global phenomenon that is likely to pose grave health challenges to humans–owing to the emergence and spread of drug resistant bacteria in food-producing animals. This study investigated the occurrence of AmpC enzyme in Klebsiella spp. isolated from anal swabs of cow in a local abattoir in Abakaliki metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 40 anal swab samples collected from a local abattoir were bacteriologically analyzed for the presence of Klebsiella spp. They were identified using standard microbiology identification technique. Susceptibility studies were carried out using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and AmpC enzyme was phenotypically detected using the Disk Approximation Method. A total of 17 isolates of Klebsiella spp. were recovered from the anal swab samples. The overall resistance rates of the isolated Klebsiella spp. to the tested antibiotics were notably high. The Klebsiella spp. were found to be highly resistant to cefoxitin (82.4%), ertapenem (100%), cloxacillin (100%), cefotaxime (70.6%) and ceftazidime (58.8%). Susceptibility of the tested Klebsiella spp. to the antibiotics was highest in imipenem (88.2%), meropenem (82.4%), gentamicin (82.4%) and ciprofloxacin (52.9 %). AmpC phenotypes were found in 35.3% isolates out of the 17 isolates of Klebsiella spp. used. Considering the increasing prevalence of AmpC production among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from the community, it is vital to establish and take the surveillance and monitoring of the emergence and spread of drug resistant bacteria in the community seriously.

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