Journal of Medicinal Plant and Herbal Therapy Research
ISSN: 2053-1826
Vol. 8(1), pp. 1-7, July 2021
doi.org/10.33500/jmphtr.2021.8.001

Effects of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural isolated from Cola hispida on oral adenosquamous carcinoma and MDR Staphylococcus aureus

Onoja Ojogbane Joel¹* and Rukesh Maharjan²

¹Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
²H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jojogbane@yahoo.com.

Received 29 April, 2021; Received in revised form 30 May, 2021; Accepted 03 June, 2021.

Abstract

Keywords:
Cytotoxicity, Oral adenosquamous carcinoma, Staphylococcus aureus, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

Phytochemicals and derivatives present in medicinal plants are promising alternatives to improve treatment efficacy in human diseases. Most drugs in clinical use today owe their origin to plant based complementary medicine. No effective drugs in the treatment of oral cancer and multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. This study was therefore aimed at isolating and identifying molecules with cytotoxic activity on cancer cell line and antimicrobial inhibitory activity from medicinal plant identified from Nigerian ethnomedicine. Ethyl acetate fraction of Cola hispida Brenan and Keay seed (FHI 111321) was subjected to chromatographic separations to isolate and purify bioactive compounds. Structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses. Cytotoxicity assay was performed on isolated compound against oral adenosquamous carcinoma cell line (CAL-27) in a 96 well plate using MTT assay at 250 μg/mL. 5FU was used as standard. Inhibition of fully grown MDR Staphylococcus aureus strains (NCTC 13277) in diluted Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) media was done using Micro-Plate AlamarBlue Assay (MABA) at 500 μg/mL. Gentamycin was used as a standard. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (1) was isolated from C. hispida seed for the first time. Anticancer activity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on oral adenosquamous carcinoma cell line (CAL-27) had maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) as 68.81±4.00 µg/mL when compared to standard 5FU with IC₅₀ of 2.41 µM. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural against MDR S. aureus (nctc 13277) was found to be 250 µg/mL at 71.96% inhibition when compared to standard gentamycin at 5 μg/mL (95.00% inhibition). 5-hydroxymethylfurfural could serve as a potential lead for novel drug development for the management of oral cancer and inhibition of multi drug resistance strain of S. aureus.